| Valentin Haüy | |
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Valentin Haüy |
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| Born | 13 November 1745 Saint-Just-en-Chaussée (Oise) |
| Died | 19 March 1822 Paris |
| Nationality | France |
| Known for | first school for the blind |
| Relatives | René Just Haüy |
Valentin Haüy (pronounced [aɥi]; 13 November 1745 in Saint-Just-en-Chaussée (Oise) - 19 March 1822 in Paris) was the founder, in 1784, of the first school for the blind, the Royal Institution for the Young Blind in Paris (now the National Institute for the Young Blind, INJA). In 1819, Louis Braille entered this school.
Valentin Haüy’s brother, René Just Haüy, is considered a founder of modern mineralogy.[1]
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Haüy was born into a family of weavers. His father, a full-time loomer, also held the job of ringing the Angelus bells in a local Premonstrant Abbey. The abbey monks educated Valentin and he became a skilled linguist speaking ten different languages of the day. He also studied ancient Greek and Hebrew. In 1783, he gained the title "interpreter to the king", Louis XVI. In 1786, he was the interpreter of the King, to the Admiralty and the City Hall. He was a member of the Office of Writing.
Haüy's impulse to help the blind started in 1771, after he stopped for lunch in a cafe on the Place de la Concorde, Paris. There, he witnessed an ensemble of people from the Quinze-Vingts hospice for the blind being mocked during the religious street festival, "Saint Ovid's Fair". They were given dunce caps, oversized cardboard glasses and told to play their instruments which resulted in a cacophony of noises. He decided to found a school with Charles-Michel de l'Épée.
In May 1784, at Saint-Germain-des-Prés, he met a young beggar, Francois Lesueur; he was his first student. He developed a method of raised letters, to teach Lesueur to read, and compose sentences. He made rapid progress, and Haüy announced the success, in September 1784 in the Journal de Paris, then receiving encouragement from the French Academy of Sciences.
Building on the philanthropic spinning workshop for the blind, the institution of Blind Children was dedicated on December 26, 1786. Its purpose was to educate students and teach them manual work: spinning, and letterpress. During the French Revolution, it was taken over by the state on 28 September 1791. It became the National Institute of blind workers in a Celestine monastery. Valentin Haüy was active in the political life of his time, and was secretary of the National Constituent Assembly elections of 1792, then civil commissioner. He was arrested on 5 Prairial, and he was released on 11 by the Committee of Public Safety, arrested again on 20 by the National Convention. He was released on 19 Fructidor, he joined the Club du Panthéon, under the French Directory. Under the French Consulate, he was listed as a "terrorist." At the same time, he retired from management of Blind Asylum, and resigned in 1802. In September 1806, he moved to St. Petersburg, to found a school at the request of Alexander I of Russia. He returned to Paris, in 1817.
He is buried, with his brother René Just Haüy, in the Cimetière du Père-Lachaise in Paris.
In 1889, Maurice de La Sizeranne created an association dedicated to helping the blind and visually impaired, named for him, .
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